December 28, 2022
3 million 568 thousand enterprises operating in the industry and service sectors are included in SMEs
SMEs constituted 99.7% of the total number of enterprises in 2021. On the other hand; they consituted 71% of employment, 48.3% of personnel costs, 44% of turnover, 37.3% of production value and 35.5% of value added at factor costs.
Basic indicators by size groups, 2021
SMEs mostly operated in the trade sector
The highest rate in SME employment was in the trade sector
Value added per employee in medium-sized enterprises was 173 thousand TL in 2021
Change in value added per employee in SMEs by scale and years (Thousand TL), 2009-2021
Personnel cost per employee in SMEs was 40 thousand TL in 2021
Change of personnel cost per employee in SMEs by scale and years (Thousand TL), 2009-2021
2 thousand 771 SMEs in the manufacturing industry manufactured in high technology class
The ratio of SMEs and large-scale enterprises in the manufacturing industry by technology level (%), 2021
When analyzed according to SME size groups; 57% of micro-scale enterprises manufactured in low technology class, 31.2% with medium-low technology, 11.2% with medium-high technology and 0.6% manufactured in high technology class. On the other hand, these rates were 51.3%, 30.4%, 17.2% and 1% in small-scale enterprises, 50.4%, 29.1%, 19% and 1.4% in medium-scale enterprises, respectively.
The birth rate of SMEs in 2021 was 16.1%
The ratio of the number of SME enterprises born in 2020 to the number of active SMEs in 2020 (entrepreneurship birth rate) was 14.8%, and the share of employment in SMEs born in 2020 in the total employment of active SMEs in 2020 was 7.0%. These rates increased to 16.1% in the enterprise birth rate and 7.7% in the employment share.
30.4% of total exports and 14.7% of imports for 2021 were carried out by SMEs.
Proportional distribution of exports and imports by SME and large-scale enterprises (%), 2021
In total exports in 2021; While the share of micro-scale enterprises was 2.5%, the share of small-scale enterprises was 10.7% and the share of medium-scale enterprises was 17.2%. The share of large-scale enterprises was 69.6%.
While 61.3% of the exports of SMEs were madeby in the trade sector, 33.2% was madeby in the industrial sector.
The share of SMEs in imports was 14.7%
In 2021 total imports; The share of micro-scale enterprises was 0.8%, the share of small-scale enterprises was 4.4%, and the share of medium-scale enterprises was 9.5%. The share of large-scale enterprises was 85.3%.
While 62.4% of the imports of SMEs were madeby in the trade sector, 31.4% was madeby in the industrial sector.
Export and import values of SMEs (Billion US $), 2013-2021
The export value of SMEs, which was 57 billion dollars in 2013, increased to 68 billion dollars in 2021. In imports, the value, which was 48 billion dollars in 2013, decreased to 38 billion dollars in 2021.
47.3% of the exports made by SMEs in 2021 were made to European countries and 33.7% to Asian countries. SMEs made 42.6% of their imports from European countries and 47.4% from Asian countries.
Breakdown of export and import values of SMEs by country groups (Million US $), 2021
90.8% of the exports of SMEs were manufacturing industry products
In 2021 exports of SMEs, the share of clothing sector was 12.9%, machinery and equipment not classified elsewhere with 10%, and the share of textile products was 9.1%. The prominent products in the import of SMEs in 2021 was chemicals and chemical products with 16.3%, machinery and equipment not classified elsewhere with 15.6%, basic metals with 14.6%, and computer, electronic and optical products,potentiometers with 6.4%.
SMEs made 27.1% of total R&D expenditures
SMEs made 15 billion 458 million TL of the total gross domestic R&D expenditure of financial and non-financial companies for 2021. This expenditure constitutes 27.1% of financial and non-financial companies R&D expenditure. A total of 146 thousand 735 people worked as R&D personnel in financial and non-financial companies in terms of Full Time Equivalent (FTE). 43.6% of these personnel in terms of FTE were employed in SMEs.
513 patents of SMEs were registered
Number of patent applications and registrations by size groups, 2021
While the total number of patent applications by SMEs was one thousand 263 in 2021, 513 patents were registered in the same year. In SME scales, micro-sized enterprises with 454 patent applications and medium-sized enterprises with 238 patent registrations ranked first.
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EXPLANATIONS
The statistics of SMEs have been prepared by using the annual industry and service statistics and foreign trade statistics, entrepreneurship and business demographics statistics, research and development activities survey, patent application and registration data of the Türkiye Patent and Trademark Office, of the enterprises within the scope of the annual industry and service statistics research carried out by TürkStat.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat)
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