The management systems, or management techniques, that are now in use and have a track record of success in several multinational corporations will be discussed in this article.
There are many factors that affect which management systems will be applied in businesses. The most important of these is the personality traits of the founders, managers and people who have the authority to make decisions within the company. How competent and effective people adapt their individual characters and behavioral styles according to other factors such as country, region, sector, trends, etc. is another important factor. In the light of concrete data, following the studies in the world on how the future will be shaped and turning the direction of the company in this direction will result in a distinctive and positive differentiation of companies from their competitors in the following steps.
There are many companies from different countries in the world that have achieved this, and they have now become major players on a global scale. In addition to the total benefit they provide to their own countries, they are shaping the world economy, trade and the future. As organizations grow, other dynamics are emerging in addition to the requirements of management systems at the previous level. This brings to the surface the need for new developments in management systems.
We see that successful management systems are also used by different sectors. One of the biggest secrets of success is to examine the management systems of companies that have become global by overcoming different situations over many years in many parts of the world and to take examples from them. Of course, it is very important how successful the people who will adapt these systems to their own companies make this adaptation and their will to maintain it. Leaving out a significant part or parts of systems and understandings that have been successful when applied as a whole will cause harm instead of benefit.
We have discussed some of the management systems applied in the world below and summarized information about them.
1- Agile Management System
Agile management is an approach that started especially in software development and gradually spread to other sectors. It focuses on flexibility, rapid response and continuous improvement. Teams are divided into small parts and each part is developed quickly and corrected by receiving feedback.
Agile Management emerged in the early 2000s for software development. It is flexible, fast and focused on continuous improvement. It was influenced by Toyota’s production system. Companies, technology giants such as IBM, Microsoft, Google, as well as companies from different sectors such as Spotify, Zappos, etc. apply Agile.
Agile management system aims to adapt to flexible, fast and continuous change. It is an approach that includes various methodologies. By creating small, free teams, it divides work into small chunks and uses short work cycles (sprints or iterations). Teams improve their processes by receiving regular feedback and adapting quickly. Communication and collaboration are important. Various methodologies such as Scrum, Kanban, Extreme Programming (XP) are included in Agile. This approach is widely used, especially in dynamic and complex processes such as software development, but has also been adopted in other industries.
Agile Management emphasizes rapid adaptation in an ever-changing business environment. The steps of planning, implementation, feedback and improvement are repeated in a rapid cycle.
Agile Management is a flexible, iterative approach that started in software development and then spread to other sectors. It took shape in the early 2000s with the “Agile Manifesto”. Among large companies, companies such as Microsoft, Spotify, Ericsson, IBM and Toyota have adopted and implemented agile management principles. In an ever-changing business environment, flexibility, speed and customer focus are emphasized, while close collaboration, rapid feedback and continuous improvement processes are important.
Agile Management is a flexible approach that aims to adapt to ever-changing business environments. Small and skilled teams work in specific time intervals (sprints) and complete prioritized tasks. It is constantly revised, taking into account customer feedback and changing requirements. Business processes are continuously improved and optimized. The Agile Manifesto focuses on collaboration, individuals and interaction, working software and customer cooperation. Communication and collaboration are at the forefront in Agile management, thus ensuring fast delivery, continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.
2- Lean Management
Lean management focuses on minimizing waste and increasing efficiency. This approach aims to optimize operation by examining processes and eliminating unnecessary steps and resources.
Lean Management is an approach that underpins the Toyota Production System. Developed at Toyota in the 1950s, this system focuses on reducing waste and increasing efficiency. Many large companies such as Toyota, General Electric, Amazon and Intel have applied Lean principles and achieved successful results.
The Lean management system focuses on reducing waste and creating value by optimizing processes. Its basic principles can be summarized as Just-In-Time, Kaizen (continuous improvement) and Jidoka (autonomy). Processes are analyzed and unnecessary steps and resources are eliminated, thus increasing efficiency. Employees are involved and empowered to detect and stop mistakes. It derives from the Toyota Production System and has been applied in different sectors beyond manufacturing. It aims to achieve maximum value with minimum resources and is based on the philosophy of continuous improvement.
3- DevOps Management System
DevOps aims to accelerate and manage processes more efficiently by combining software development and IT operations. It increases collaboration between development and business teams.
DevOps emerged in the mid-2000s as an approach that integrates software development and IT operations. It is based on collaboration and automation. Among large companies, technology leaders such as Amazon, Netflix, Google, Microsoft and Etsy have adopted and practiced DevOps principles.
DevOps is a management approach that integrates software development and IT operations in close collaboration. It breaks down the walls between development and operations teams. With process automation, software is deployed quickly and securely. Bugs are detected early with frequent code merges and continuous integration. In addition, continuous delivery and continuous deployment are implemented, enabling fast turnaround. Feedback loops and continuous monitoring improve processes. DevOps shapes modern IT management based on flexibility, speed and collaboration.
4- Holacratic Management
Holacracy proposes a management system where teams can make decisions more autonomously, replacing traditional hierarchical structures. By equipping teams with specific roles and responsibilities, they can make faster and more flexible decisions.
Holacratic Management emerged as an organizational management system developed by Brian Robertson in the 2000s. It is based on autonomous teams and roles instead of the traditional hierarchical structure. Examples of large companies, such as Zappos, Medium and Buffer, have implemented Holacracy in whole or in part
Holacratic Management is a system that aims to transform organizations from traditional hierarchical structures to a structure based on roles and autonomous teams. In this system, business units called “rings” take on specific tasks and responsibilities. Each ring determines the roles within it and manages business processes internally. Decisions are decentralized and delegated. Holacracy encourages continuous adaptation, openness and innovation. While employee participation and autonomy are emphasized, collaboration and rapid decision-making are also at the forefront.
5- Blockchain Based Management
Blockchain technology offers innovative solutions, especially in areas such as supply chain management and financial transactions. Distributed ledger technology can increase transparency and ensure security.
Blockchain-based management aims to improve business processes using the transparency, security and automation of blockchain technology. First associated with Bitcoin, this technology has found application in the business world in areas such as supply chain management, financial transactions and record keeping. Among large companies, companies such as IBM, Walmart, Maersk support their activities with blockchain-based solutions.
The Blockchain Based Management system is based on distributed ledger technology and aims to create a decentralized, secure and transparent structure. Information is chained and recorded in blocks and shared by all network participants. Transactions are cryptographically secured, ensuring immutability. By automating transactions, this system reduces human error and increases trust and transparency. It finds application in areas such as tracking products in supply chain management and eliminating intermediaries in financial transactions.
6- Data-Driven Management
Data-driven management emphasizes making decisions using data analytics and business intelligence tools. Strategies are created by analyzing market data as well as internal data.
Data-driven management is an approach where data analytics shape business decisions. Since the 1960s, data analytics has grown and evolved. Among large companies, companies such as Google, Amazon, Netflix, Procter & Gamble, Walmart have strengthened their business strategies by adopting a data-driven approach.
Data-Driven Management is an approach where business decisions are based on data and analysis. Data is collected, analyzed and used to determine business strategies and goals. This system measures and analyzes business performance through continuous data collection and monitoring. Statistical methods and data mining techniques are used to process data, make predictions and identify problems. It provides competitive advantage by bringing together internal and external data. Decisions supported by accurate data help to create more effective and focused business strategies.
7- Digital Transformation Management
It is an approach that aims to adopt technological innovations and digitalize business processes. Digital tools are used to automate business processes, improve customer experience and increase efficiency.
Digital Transformation Management is an approach that aims to integrate technological innovations into business processes and for organizations to adopt digitalization. It gained more importance in the late 2000s with the widespread use of the Internet. Among large companies, companies such as Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, General Electric, Siemens have implemented digital transformation as pioneers. Digital transformation is achieved by adopting new technologies (cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data), improving customer experience and redesigning business processes.
Digital Transformation Management is an approach where businesses improve their business processes, customer experience and competitive advantage by adopting digital technologies. This approach includes strategy formulation, technology integration, cultural change and continuous adaptation. Technologies such as automation of business processes, data analytics, artificial intelligence and cloud computing are used to quickly respond to customer needs, increase efficiency and encourage innovation. Employee engagement and leadership support play a critical role in successfully managing the transformation process.
In addition to the management systems mentioned above, there are many other recognized systems. These may vary according to the needs and sectors of companies. But working and thinking about systems will make a big difference. If businesses do not ignore system approaches, they will achieve lasting success.
by Ali KARAKUŞ
